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There are more than 350 species of termites in Australia, and several are considered pests. Only about 20 species cause damage to buildings. In Victoria, there are five species that cause damage to both buildings and wooden constructions.

Termites play important ecological roles by providing nest holes such as lizards, birds and possums, breaking down organic matter, returning nutrients to soil and assisting with soil aeration.

Termites are often wrongly called white ants. This expression should not be utilized since they are neither white nor ants.

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Termites live and work collectively in nests or colonies. Members of the colony take different types or castes. These include:

Their wings are equal size and shape and twice the length of the body. They drop after the colonising flight was created. Shed wings are a good indication of termite presence.

These are the forms of the colony including prospective kings and queens of colonies not yet been established.

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The reproductives live in a central chamber in the nest in which a lady queen or queen, will put many thousands of eggs each year over her life span of approximately 10 years. Man, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Reproductives are commonly observed.

The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of every growth stage, slowly changing until they get to the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.

Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) is able to resist the external environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are discarded and piles of shed wings are a good hint to termite infestations.

Soldiers have , bigger heads that are darker than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.

Soldiers are more demanding than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It is their role to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the workers.

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Soldiers exist in different forms. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.

Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout where they eject a solution which disturbs and glues attackers.

Soldiers have a head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. The termites, which use this strategy, check my site are only occasional introductions to Victoria.

The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the maximum harm.

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They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to work 24 hours per day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They're blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .

Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.

As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony where occupations change with age and maturity.

Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until ready to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.

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They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still air, and at times light. Termites are not link strong fliers and generally only fly around 1km, although breezes and updrafts can carry them.

Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Males quickly respond.

They dig in and over the next few weeks, mate and take care of their young until enough employees grow to take over the maintenance roles.

New colonies are established via budding. This is believed to occur when the extremities of the colony drop contact and become independent.

The main king and queen are believed to exude hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. But this control breaks down if the territory is too big or contact groups is lost.

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Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which are fed by mature termites. They then develop into four kinds or castes of termite:

Soldiers have big, black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and may take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.